Which of the following can be symptoms of children who have trouble with phonological processing?

Children who have trouble with phonological processing can exhibit a range of symptoms related to their ability to manipulate and understand the sounds in language.

When children are slow to blend sounds in words together, it demonstrates difficulty in phonemic awareness—the ability to recognize and manipulate the smallest units of sound in words. This skill is essential for developing reading and spelling abilities, as blending sounds is a foundational step in decoding words.

Similarly, difficulty in remembering sounds for letters indicates a challenge with associating phonemes (sounds) with their corresponding graphemes (letters or letter combinations). This is another critical component of phonological processing, as these associations are vital for proficient reading and spelling.

Additionally, having trouble keeping track of definitions for multiple-meaning words shows possible deficits in their understanding and manipulation of sounds when these words sound the same but have different meanings—a higher-order skill that requires solid phonological processing abilities.

All these symptoms—slow blending, difficulty remembering sound-letter associations, and managing multiple meanings—are interconnected, highlighting the comprehensive nature of phonological processing challenges in children. Therefore, it is accurate to conclude that all of the symptoms listed can indicate issues related to phonological processing difficulties.