What often characterizes poor readers who are dyslexic?

Deficits in accurate and fluent word recognition are hallmark characteristics of individuals with dyslexia. Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that primarily affects reading capabilities, particularly in decoding words and recognizing them quickly and accurately. This can lead to challenges in fluency as well—where a reader struggles to read smoothly and automatically, often pausing or hesitating while trying to decode words.

The difficulties with word recognition are usually due to underlying issues with phonological processing, which is the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in language. As a result, poor readers who are dyslexic often read at a slower pace, make mistakes in word recognition, and have difficulty with spelling and writing. These deficits can significantly impact overall reading comprehension, as they disrupt the flow of reading and the ability to understand the text being read.

In contrast, the other options involve skills that are typically not associated with poor readers who are dyslexic. They often do not exhibit high reading fluency, accurate word recognition, or fluent comprehension skills, which are more characteristic of proficient readers.